Oil (CL-FT82.30-0.36-0.44%) started the new year Monday trading above $81 (U.S.) a barrel, almost double what it fetched at the beginning of 2009 even though the United States is using much less.

Prices, which have been propped up by a weak dollar, will get even more support as winter weather chills the country. The U.S. may be using less crude, but China and other developing nations are using more to fuel their burgeoning manufacturing industries, and that can push prices higher in the U.S. as well.

Gasoline, heating oil and other fuels are already heading higher and may continue to do so as the market tests how much people are willing to pay for energy, analysts said.

A surprisingly strong manufacturing report Monday may hint at an improving employment picture in the U.S., but right now consumer demand remains weak because millions have lost jobs.

There is concern that energy costs are outpacing job recovery.

“It’s going to slow down the economic recovery in the U.S.,” said Andrew Lipow, president of Lipow Oil Associates in Houston. “And much of that extra money we’re spending will be headed back overseas since we still import two-thirds of our energy.”

The Labour Department releases its monthly employment report Friday and that could affect energy prices ahead.

Benchmark crude for February delivery climbed $2.15 to settle at $81.51 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The price reached as high as $81.68, and it could overtake the 2009 high of $82 a barrel this week if the government reports a large drop in supply.

Natural gas (NG-FT5.830.020.38%) also jumped nearly 6 per cent, adding 31.2 cents to settle at $5.884 per 1,000 cubic feet. Natural gas, which is used to heat homes and buildings in many parts of the country, has surged in price as snow showers and frigid temperatures sweep through the U.S.

Private forecasting company AccuWeather.com said the entire eastern half of the country has been blanketed in the coldest weather since 1985.

Meanwhile, U.S. pump prices continued to climb, adding less than a penny overnight to bring the national average to $2.663 a gallon, according to AAA, Wright Express and Oil Price Information Service, a couple cents more than last month and about $1 more than last year at this time.

The Energy Information Administration said in a separate report that gasoline prices averaged $2.665 a gallon on Monday, an increase of 5.8 cents from a week ago. It’s the largest weekly increase since the week of Oct. 26, according to the EIA report.

Still, refiners say they are losing money because the cost of buying oil at today’s prices does not cover the cost of turning it into fuel like gasoline. Demand for gasoline, while rising, remains relatively weak.

Oil refiners have shuttered some operations and are pulling back elsewhere. In the last week of December, U.S.-based refining slowed to the lowest level since 1990 when such data was first reported, according to government records.

“They’re losing money hand over fist,” said analyst Stephen Schork.

In other Nymex trading in February contracts, heating oil (HO-FT2.18-0.003-0.15%) rose 7.49 cents to settle at $2.1905 a gallon and gasoline (XRB-FT2.13-0.003-0.13%) gained 5.15 cents to settle at $2.1044 a gallon.

In London, Brent crude for February delivery added $2.19 to settle at $80.12 a barrel on the ICE Futures exchange.